Holistic education emphasizes character development and students’ social engagement, not only academic achievement. This approach includes learning moral values such as politeness and the importance of group harmony, as well as encouraging active participation in community activities like communal work (gotong royong) or helping organize school events. In contrast, academic education focuses on mastering subjects, cognitive skills, and evaluation results such as grades or exams.

<div>Self-reward refers to the habit of giving oneself a treat (such as shopping, snacking, or taking a trip/healing) after achieving a target or coping with stress. This narrative is widely popularized through social media and advertising.</div><div><br></div><div>Supporters argue that self-reward helps maintain motivation, mental health, and self-appreciation.</div><div>However, critics argue it promotes consumerism, overspending, and dependency on external rewards to feel valued.</div>

Vegan: A lifestyle and diet that avoids all animal-based products, including meat, fish, dairy, eggs, honey, and any animal-derived ingredients. Vegans do not consume animal products at all. Their diet focuses on plant-based foods such as vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Motivations are often ethical (animal rights), environmental, and/or health-related.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF): Industrial food products made mostly from refined substances and additives, often designed to imitate or replace natural foods. Examples include packaged snacks, sugary drinks, instant noodles, fast food, and processed meat products (e.g., sausages, nuggets, canned meat). These are strongly linked to obesity, diabetes, and other health risks.

Real food: Natural, whole, and minimally processed ingredients like fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes. Considered more nutritious and sustainable.

“Bare minimum” refers to basic acts of care in romantic relationships (such as replying to texts or remembering birthdays) that are often glorified as extraordinary on social media, shaping public expectations of love.

The Tes Kemampuan Akademik (TKA) is a standardized test by Indonesia’s Ministry of Education that measures reasoning, verbal, and quantitative skills. Under the 2025 regulation, it is optional and mainly used for university admissions, unlike the former National Exam (UN) which could not be used for that purpose.

Currently, high school (SMA/SMK/MA) students graduate by completing all learning programs, achieving a minimum “Good” attitude grade, and passing school-based exams such as the PSAJ or Ujian Sekolah, with some schools also requiring a minimum average report card score.

Influencer culture refers to social media figures (on Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, etc.) who shape trends, beauty ideals, and consumption habits. Many influencers promote unrealistic beauty standards through filters, editing, cosmetic procedures, and paid beauty endorsements. This often reinforces patriarchal norms, causes mental health issues like body image anxiety and eating disorders, and commercializes feminism. However, some argue influencers can also provide diverse representation, create body positivity movements, and empower women to control their own platforms.